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Saint Thomas Aquinas, Carlo Crivelli

Mark 16

Carlo Crivelli, Saint Thomas Aquinas, 1476 · National Gallery, London · Public domainCarlo Crivelli, Saint Thomas Aquinas, 1476, National Gallery, London

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Thomas Aquinas · Catena Aurea · Chapter 16

Passages · 76

Mark 16:1–8

  • Jerome on Mark 16:1–8 — After the sadness of the sabbath, a happy day dawns upon them, which holds the chief place amongst days, for in it the chief light shines forth, and the Lord rises in triumph. Wherefore it is said: “And when the…vatican.va
  • Glossa Ordinaria on Mark 16:1–8 — For these religious women after the burial of the Lord, as long as it was lawful to work, that is, up to sunset, prepared ointment, as Luke says. And because they could not finish their work from the shortness of the…vatican.va
  • Severian of Gabala on Mark 16:1–8 — The women in this place run abroad with womanly devotion, for they do not bring Him faith as though He were alive, but ointments as to one dead; and they prepare the service of their grief for Him as buried, not the…vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 16:1–8 — For they do not understand the greatness and dignity of the wisdom of Christ. But they came according to the custom of the Jews to anoint the body of Christ, that it might remain sweet-smelling, and might not burst…vatican.va
  • Gregory the Great on Mark 16:1–8 — But if we believe on Him who is dead, and are filled with the sweet smell of virtue, and seek the Lord with the fame of good works, we come to His sepulchre with spices. There follows: “And very early in the morning…vatican.va
  • Augustine of Hippo on Mark 16:1–8 — What Luke expresses by “very early in the morning,” and John by “early when it was yet dark,” Mark must be understood to mean, when he says, “very early in the morning, at the rising of the sun,” that is, when the…vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 16:1–8 (2) — By “very early in the morning,” he means what another Evangelist expresses by at the dawning [Luke 24:1, dilueulo]. But the dawn is the time between the darkness of night, and the brightness of day, in which the…vatican.va
  • Bede on Mark 16:1–8 — As then the women shew the great fervency of their love, by coming very early in the morning to the sepulchre, as the history relates, according to the mystical sense an example is given to us, that with a shining…vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 16:1–8 (2) — He says, On the first of the sabbaths, that is, on the first of the days of the week. For the days of the week are called sabbaths, and by the word “una” is meant “prima”.vatican.va
  • Bede on Mark 16:1–8 (2) — Or else, by this phrase is meant the first day from the day of sabbaths, or rests, which were kept on the sabbath. There follows: “And they said among themselves, Who shall roll us away the stone from the door of the…vatican.va
  • Severian of Gabala on Mark 16:1–8 (2) — Your breast was darkened, your eyes shut, and therefore ye did not before see the glory of the opened sepulchre. It goes on: “And they looked, and saw that the stone was rolled away.”vatican.va
  • Bede on Mark 16:1–8 (3) — Matthew shews clearly enough, that the stone was rolled away by an Angel. This rolling away of the stone means mystically the opening of the Christian Sacraments, which were held under the veil of the letter of the…vatican.va
  • Severian of Gabala on Mark 16:1–8 (3) — Great indeed by its office rather than its size, for it can shut in and throw open the body of the Lord.vatican.va
  • Gregory the Great on Mark 16:1–8 (2) — But the women who came with spices see the Angels; because those minds who come to the Lord with their virtues, through holy desires, see the heavenly citizens. Wherefore it goes on: “And entering into the sepulchre,…vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 16:1–8 (3) — Though Matthew says that the Angel was sitting on stone, whilst Mark relates that the women entering into the sepulchre saw a young man sitting, yet we need not wonder, for they afterwards saw sitting within the…vatican.va
  • Augustine of Hippo on Mark 16:1–8 (2) — Either let us suppose that Matthew was silent about that Angel, whom they saw on entering, whilst Mark said nothing of him, whom they say outside sitting on the stone, so that they saw two and heard separately from…vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 16:1–8 (4) — But some say the women mentioned by Matthew were different from those in Mark. But Mary Magdalene was with all parties, from her burning zeal and ardent love.vatican.va
  • Severian of Gabala on Mark 16:1–8 (4) — The women, then, entered the sepulchre, that being buried with Christ, they might rise again from the tomb with Christ. They see the young man, that is, they see the time of the Resurrection, for the Resurrection has…vatican.va
  • Bede on Mark 16:1–8 (4) — Now they saw a young man sitting on the right side, that is, on the south part of the place where the body was laid. For the body, which was lying on its back, and had its head to the west, must have had its right to…vatican.va
  • Gregory the Great on Mark 16:1–8 (3) — But what is meant by the left hand, but this present life, and what by the right, but everlasting life? Because then our Redeemer had already gone through the decay of this present life, fitly did the Angel, who had…vatican.va
  • Severian of Gabala on Mark 16:1–8 (5) — Again, they saw a young man sitting on the right, because the Resurrection has nothing sinister in it. They also see him dressed in a long white robe; that robe is not from mortal fleece, but of living virtue,…vatican.va
  • Gregory the Great on Mark 16:1–8 (4) — Or else, he appeared covered with a white robe, because he announced the joys of our festivity, for the whiteness of the robe shews the splendour of our solemnity.vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 16:1–8 (3) — The white robe is also true joy, now that the enemy is driven away, the kingdom won, the King of Peace sought for and found and never let go by us. This young man then shews an image of the Resurrection to them who…vatican.va
  • Gregory the Great on Mark 16:1–8 (5) — As though he had said, Let them fear, who love not the coming of the inhabitants of heaven; let them fear, who, weighed down with carnal desires, despair that they can ever attain to their company; but why should ye…vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 16:1–8 (4) — For there is no fear in love. Why should they fear, who had found Him whom they sought?vatican.va
  • Gregory the Great on Mark 16:1–8 (6) — But let us hear what the Angel adds; “Ye seek Jesus of Nazareth.” Jesus means the Saviour, but at that time there may have been many a Jesus, not indeed really, but in name, therefore the place Nazareth is added,…vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 16:1–8 (5) — For he does not blush at the Cross, for in it is the salvation of men, and the beginning of the Blessed.vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 16:1–8 (5) — But the bitter root of the Cross has disappeared. The flower of life has burst forth with its fruits, that is, He who lay in death has risen in glory. Wherefore he adds, “He is risen; He is not here.”vatican.va
  • Gregory the Great on Mark 16:1–8 (7) — “He is not here,” is spoken of His carnal presence, for He was not absent from any place as to the presence of His majesty.vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 16:1–8 (6) — As if he had said, Do ye wish to be certain of His Resurrection, he adds, “Behold the place where they laid Him.” This too was the reason why he had rolled away the stone, that he might shew them the place.vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 16:1–8 (6) — But immortality is shewn to mortals as [debita, ap. Pseudo-Hier.] due to thankfulness, that we may understand what we were, and that we may know what we are to be. There follows: “But go your way, tell His disciples…vatican.va
  • Gregory the Great on Mark 16:1–8 (8) — If again the Angel had not expressly name him who had denied his Master, he would not have dared to come amongst the disciples; he is therefore called by name, lest he should despair on account of his denial.vatican.va
  • Augustine of Hippo on Mark 16:1–8 (3) — By saying, “He will go before you into Galilee, there shall ye see Him, and He said unto you,” he seems to imply, that Jesus would not shew Himself to His disciples after His Resurrection except in Galilee, which…vatican.va
  • Gregory the Great on Mark 16:1–8 (9) — For Galilee mean ‘a passing over’ [transmigratio]; for our Redeemer had already passed from His Passion to His Resurrection, from death unto life, and we shall have joy in seeing the glory of His Resurrection, if…vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 16:1–8 (7) — This sentence is but short in the number of syllables, but the promise is vast in its greatness. Here is the fountain of our joy, and the source of everlasting life is prepared. Here all that are scattered are…vatican.va
  • Augustine of Hippo on Mark 16:1–8 (4) — It is also signified that the grace of Christ is about to pass over from the people of Israel to the Gentiles, by whom the Apostles would never have been received when they preached, if the Lord had not gone before…vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 16:1–8 (7) — That is, they trembled because of the vision of Angels, and were amazed because of the Resurrection.vatican.va
  • Severian of Gabala on Mark 16:1–8 (6) — The Angel sits on the sepulchre, the women fly from it; he, on account of his heavenly substance, is confident, that are troubled because of their earthly frame. He who cannot die, cannot fear the tomb, but the women…vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 16:1–8 (8) — This also is spoken of the life to come, in which grief and groaning will flee away. For the women prefigure before the Resurrection all that is to happen to them after the Resurrection, namely, they flee away from…vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 16:1–8 (8) — Either on account of the Jews, or else they said nothing because the fear of the vision prevented them.vatican.va
  • Augustine of Hippo on Mark 16:1–8 (5) — We may however enquire how Mark can say this, when Matthew says, “they departed quickly from the sepulchre with fear and great joy, and did run to bring His disciples word,” [Matt 28:8] unless we understand it to…vatican.va
  • Severian of Gabala on Mark 16:1–8 (7) — It is said also in a marked manner, that they said nothing to any one, because it is the part of women to hear, and not to speak, to learn, not to teach.vatican.va

Mark 16:9–13

  • Augustine of Hippo on Mark 16:9–13 — Now we must consider how the Lord appeared after the Resurrection. For Mark says, “Now when Jesus was risen early the first day of the week, He appeared first to Mary Magdalene, out of whom He had cast seven devils.”vatican.va
  • Bede on Mark 16:9–13 — John tells us most fully how and when this appearance took place. But the Lord rose in the morning from the sepulchre in which He had been laid in the evening, that those words of the Psalm might be fulfilled,…vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 16:9–13 — Or else put a stop at, “Now when Jesus was risen,” and then read, “early the first day of the week He appeared,” &c.vatican.va
  • Gregory the Great on Mark 16:9–13 — For as Samson at midnight not only left Gaza, but also carried away the gates of it, so also our Redeemer rising before the light, did not only come out free from hell, but destroyed also the very gates of hell.…vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 16:9–13 (2) — But Mary had seven devils, because she was filled with all vices. Or else, by seven devils are meant seven spirits contrary to the seven virtues, as a spirit without fear, without wisdom, without understanding, and…vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 16:9–13 — Again, He is shewn to her, out of whom He had cast seven devils, because harlots and publicans shall go before the synagogue into the kingdom of heaven, as the thief reached it before the Apostles.vatican.va
  • Bede on Mark 16:9–13 (2) — In the beginning also woman brought man into sin, now she, who first tasted death, first sees the Resurrection, lest she should have to bear the reproach of perpetual guilt amongst men; and she who had been the…vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 16:9–13 (2) — They mourn and weep because they had not yet seen, but after a short time they shall receive a consolation. For blessed are they that weep now, for they shall be comforted.vatican.va
  • Bede on Mark 16:9–13 (3) — Fitly too is this woman, who was the first to announce the joy of our Lord’s Resurrection, said to have been cured of seven devils, lest any one worthily repenting of his sins should despair of pardon for what he had…vatican.va
  • Severian of Gabala on Mark 16:9–13 — Mary brings the news, not now as a woman, but in the person of the Church, so that, as above woman was silent, here as the Church she might bring tidings and speak. There follows: “And they when they heard that He…vatican.va
  • Gregory the Great on Mark 16:9–13 (2) — That the disciples were slow in believing our Lord’s Resurrection was not so much a weakness of theirs as it is our strength. For the Resurrection itself through their doubts was manifested by many proofs; and whilst…vatican.va
  • Augustine of Hippo on Mark 16:9–13 (2) — Luke relates the whole story respecting these two, one of whom was Cleophas, but Mark here touches but slightly upon it. That village of which Luke speaks may without absurdity be supposed to be what is here called a…vatican.va
  • Severian of Gabala on Mark 16:9–13 (2) — But let no one suppose that Christ changed the form of His face by His Resurrection, but the form is changed when of mortal it becomes immortal, so that this means that He gained a glorious countenance, not that He…vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 16:9–13 (3) — For he does not say this of the eleven, but of some others, whom He calls the residue.vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 16:9–13 (3) — But in a mystic sense we may understand that faith here labours, leading the active life, but there it reigns secure in the contemplative vision. Here we see His face through a glass, there we shall see the truth…vatican.va

Mark 16:14–18

  • Glossa Ordinaria on Mark 16:14–18 — Mark, when about to finish his Gospel, relates the last appearance of our Lord to His disciples after His Resurrection, saying, “For the last time He appeared unto the eleven as they sat at meat.”vatican.va
  • Gregory the Great on Mark 16:14–18 — We should observe that Luke says in the Acts, “As He was eating with them [convescens] He commanded that they should not depart from Jerusalem,” [Acts 1:4] and shortly afterwards, “while they beheld He was taken up.”…vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 16:14–18 — But He appeared when all the eleven were together, that all might be witnesses, and relate to all men what they had seen and heard in common. It goes on: “And upbraided them with their unbelief and hardness of heart,…vatican.va
  • Augustine of Hippo on Mark 16:14–18 — But how was this done “the last time?” The last occasion on which the Apostles saw the Lord upon earth happened forty days after the Resurrection; but would He then have upbraided them for not believing those who had…vatican.va
  • Gregory the Great on Mark 16:14–18 (2) — Another reason also why our Lord rebuked His disciples, when He left them as to His bodily presence, was, that the words which He spoke on leaving them might remain more deeply impressed upon the hearts of His hearers.vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 16:14–18 (2) — But He rebukes their want of faith, that faith might take its place; He rebukes the hardness of their stony heart, that the fleshy heart, full of love, might take its place.vatican.va
  • Gregory the Great on Mark 16:14–18 (3) — After rebuking the hardness of their hearts, let us hear the words of advice which He speaks. For it goes on: “Go ye into all the world, and preach the Gospel to every creature.” Every man must be understood by…vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 16:14–18 — Or else; to every creature, that is, whether believing or unbelieving. It goes on: “He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved.” For it is not enough to believe, for he who believeth and is not baptized, but is…vatican.va
  • Gregory the Great on Mark 16:14–18 (4) — But perhaps some one may say in himself, I have already believed, I shall be saved. He says what is true, if he keeps his faith by works; for that is a true faith, which does not contradict by its deeds what it says…vatican.va
  • Bede on Mark 16:14–18 — What shall we say here about infants, who by reason of their age cannot yet believe; for as to older persons there is no question. In the Church then of our Saviour, children believe by others, as also they drew from…vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 16:14–18 (2) — That is, they shall scatter before them serpents, whether intellectual or sensible, as it is said, Ye shall tread upon serpents and scorpions, [Luke 10:19] which is understood spiritually. But it may also mean…vatican.va
  • Gregory the Great on Mark 16:14–18 (5) — Are we then without faith because we cannot do these signs? Nay, but these things were necessary in the beginning of the Church, for the faith of believers was to be nourished by miracles, that it might increase.…vatican.va

Mark 16:19–20

  • Jerome on Mark 16:19–20 — The Lord Jesus, who had descended from heaven to give liberty to our weak nature, Himself also ascended above the heavens; wherefore it is said, “So then after the Lord had spoken unto them, He was received up into…vatican.va
  • Augustine of Hippo on Mark 16:19–20 — By which words He seems to shew clearly enough that the foregoing discourse was the last that He spake to them upon earth, though it does not appear to bind us down altogether to this opinion. For He does not say,…vatican.va
  • Gregory the Great on Mark 16:19–20 — We have seen in the Old Testament that Elias was taken up into heaven. But the ethereal heaven is one thing, the aerial is another. The aerial heaven is nearer the earth, Elias then was raised into the aerial heaven,…vatican.va
  • Augustine of Hippo on Mark 16:19–20 (2) — Let us not therefore understand this sitting as though He were placed there in human limbs, as if the Father sat on the left, the Son on the right, but by the right hand itself we understand the power which He as man…vatican.va
  • Bede on Mark 16:19–20 — Observe that in proportion as Mark began his history later, so he makes it reach in writing to more distant times, for he began from the commencement of the preaching of the Gospel by John, and he reaches in his…vatican.va
  • Gregory the Great on Mark 16:19–20 (2) — But what should we consider in these words, if it be not that obedience follows the precept and signs follow the obedience? For the Lord had commanded them, “Go into all the world preaching the Gospel,” and, Ye shall…vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 16:19–20 — But we must also know from this that words are confirmed by deeds as then, in the Apostles, works confirmed their words, for signs followed. Grant then, O Christ, that the good words which we speak may be confirmed…vatican.va

Scripture cited · 17 verses

Exodus 33:18 · Psalm 29:6 · Psalm 104:2 · Matthew 10:5 · Matthew 13:43 · Matthew 28:8 · Luke 10:19 · Luke 24:1 · Luke 24:33 · Luke 24:34 · Luke 24:36 · John 20:19 · Acts 1:4 · Acts 1:8 · Acts 1:9 · Romans 5:20 · 1 Corinthians 2:9

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