Lineage
The See of Rome from Peter through 265 bishops to the present, with 37 antipopes beside the popes they opposed. Click any name for who they were and whom they followed.
Simon, son of Jonah, a fisherman of Bethsaida called by Christ with his brother Andrew and named Peter, the rock (Matt 16:18). First among the Twelve, he confessed Christ at Caesarea Philippi, denied him and was restored, preached at Pentecost, and led the Church at Jerusalem and then at Antioch. Tradition holds that he came to Rome, where he was martyred under Nero and buried on the Vatican hill; Irenaeus and Eusebius count the bishops of Rome from him. Two letters in the New Testament bear his name, and Mark's Gospel was held to preserve his preaching.
The first successor of Peter in Irenaeus's list (Against Heresies III.3.3), identified by the Fathers with the Linus of 2 Timothy 4:21.
Also called Cletus; second in Irenaeus's list after Peter. The Liber Pontificalis makes him a Roman who ordained presbyters and set apart the burial ground of the popes.
Clement of Rome, who according to Irenaeus had seen the apostles and heard their preaching; his Letter to the Corinthians, written about 96, is the oldest Christian writing outside the New Testament, and it is the first appeal of the Roman church to another church.
Fourth successor of Peter in Irenaeus's list; the Liber Pontificalis says he divided Rome among its presbyters.
The 6th Bishop of Rome, c. 107–115.
The 7th Bishop of Rome, c. 115–125.
The only second-century pope whom Irenaeus calls a martyr (Against Heresies III.3.3).
In his time the Gnostic teachers Valentinus and Cerdo came to Rome (Irenaeus III.4.3).
Brother, according to the Muratorian fragment, of Hermas, author of the Shepherd.
Received Polycarp of Smyrna at Rome and kept communion with him though they differed on the date of Easter (Irenaeus in Eusebius V.24).
Wrote to the church of Corinth, where his letter was still read on the Lord's day with Clement's (Dionysius of Corinth in Eusebius IV.23).
Irenaeus, then a presbyter of Lyons, carried a letter to him about the Montanists (Eusebius V.4); Irenaeus closes his list of Roman bishops with him.
The first Latin-speaking pope; he pressed the churches of Asia to keep Easter on Sunday and threatened to break communion with them, which Irenaeus urged him not to do (Eusebius V.24).
Bishop during the disputes over the Trinity at Rome, when Hippolytus began his opposition; Callistus was his deacon.
Opposed by Hippolytus as too lenient toward repentant sinners and unsound on the Trinity; honoured as a martyr, and the catacomb on the Appian Way bears his name.
The 17th Bishop of Rome, 222–230.
Deported to Sardinia with Hippolytus under Maximinus and resigned the see there, the first pope to do so; both died in the mines and were buried together at Rome.
The 19th Bishop of Rome, 235–236.
Chosen, Eusebius says, when a dove settled on him; he divided Rome into seven regions under deacons and died in the persecution of Decius.
Elected after a year's vacancy under Decius; opposed by Novatian over the readmission of the lapsed, and supported by Cyprian of Carthage, whose letters to him survive. Died in exile at Centumcellae.
- antipopeNovatian251–258
The 22nd Bishop of Rome, 253–254.
Held, against Cyprian, that baptism given by heretics was valid and need not be repeated, the first known appeal of a pope to his succession from Peter.
Martyred under Valerian with four of his deacons while celebrating in the cemetery of Callistus; Lawrence, his deacon, died four days later.
Wrote against Sabellianism and the subordinationist language of Dionysius of Alexandria, who answered him in a work of defence (Athanasius, On the Decrees).
The 26th Bishop of Rome, 269–274.
The 27th Bishop of Rome, 275–283.
The 28th Bishop of Rome, 283–296.
Bishop when the persecution of Diocletian broke out; later tradition accused him of having given up the Scriptures.
The 30th Bishop of Rome, 308–309.
The 31st Bishop of Rome, 309.
Bishop when Constantine gave peace to the Church; he presided at the Lateran synod of 313 that judged the Donatist dispute.
Pope through the Council of Nicaea, at which two of his presbyters represented him; the Lateran basilica was built in his time.
The 34th Bishop of Rome, 336.
Defender of Athanasius, whom he received at Rome and vindicated at a synod in 341; his letter to the Eusebians (in Athanasius, Apology against the Arians) asserts the Roman see's right to be heard in the case of Alexandria.
Exiled by Constantius II for refusing to condemn Athanasius; he signed a compromising formula to return, which Athanasius and Jerome record with regret.
- antipopeFelix II355–365
Commissioned Jerome's revision of the Latin Bible, adorned the tombs of the martyrs with his inscriptions, and presided at the Roman synod of 382, which drew up a list of the canonical books.
- antipopeUrsinus366–367
Author of the first surviving papal decretal, to Himerius of Tarragona (385).
Condemned Origen's writings at the urging of Jerome and Theophilus.
Confirmed the African councils' condemnation of Pelagius, drawing from Augustine the remark that the case was finished (Sermon 131); bishop when Alaric sacked Rome.
Briefly reopened Pelagius's case, then condemned him in the Tractoria.
The 42nd Bishop of Rome, 418–422.
- antipopeEulalius418–419
Sent Cyril of Alexandria his judgment against Nestorius and his legates to the Council of Ephesus; he sent Palladius to Ireland and Germanus of Auxerre to Britain.
Rebuilt Santa Maria Maggiore after the Council of Ephesus; its mosaics of the Annunciation and the Epiphany belong to his reign.
Pope from 440 to 461, the first pope called "the Great" and a Doctor of the Church, who met Attila outside Rome in 452. His Tome to Flavian (449) was acclaimed at Chalcedon as the faith of Peter: one Christ in two natures, each keeping its properties. In the sermons for Christmas and the Annunciation he insists that the Virgin conceived, gave birth and remained a virgin, and that the flesh of Christ is truly hers.
Leo's deacon and legate at the Robber Council of 449.
Pope when the Western empire ended in 476.
Excommunicated Acacius of Constantinople over the Henoticon, opening the Acacian schism (484–519); great-great-grandfather of Gregory the Great.
Wrote to the emperor Anastasius on the two powers, spiritual and temporal; the Gelasian Sacramentary and the Gelasian Decree bear his name.
The 50th Bishop of Rome, 496–498.
Elected against the antipope Laurentius, whose party the emperor's court favoured; the schism lasted till 506.
- antipopeLaurentius498–506
Ended the Acacian schism with the formula that the churches of the East signed in 519.
Sent to Constantinople by Theodoric; imprisoned by him on his return and died at Ravenna.
Built the church of Saints Cosmas and Damian in the Forum.
The 55th Bishop of Rome, 530–532.
- antipopeDioscorus530
The first pope to change his name (Mercurius).
Went to Constantinople for Theodahad and there deposed the Monophysite patriarch Anthimus.
Deposed and exiled by Belisarius at the empress Theodora's wish; died on Palmaria.
Summoned to Constantinople by Justinian; after long resistance he accepted the Second Council of Constantinople's condemnation of the Three Chapters.
The 60th Bishop of Rome, 556–561.
The 61st Bishop of Rome, 561–574.
The 62nd Bishop of Rome, 575–579.
Sent his deacon Gregory as apocrisiarius to Constantinople; died in the plague of 590.
Prefect of Rome who became a monk, then pope from 590, the last of the four Latin Doctors and the pope who sent Augustine of Canterbury to the English. The Pastoral Rule, the Dialogues, the Moralia on Job, the Homilies on the Gospels and on Ezekiel and a register of some 850 letters made him the teacher of the Middle Ages. Aquinas cites his Gospel homilies throughout the Catena Aurea, and the chain quotes them on the Visitation and the Magi.
The 65th Bishop of Rome, 604–606.
The 66th Bishop of Rome, 607.
Received the Pantheon from the emperor Phocas and dedicated it to the Mother of God and all martyrs.
The 68th Bishop of Rome, 615–618.
The 69th Bishop of Rome, 619–625.
His letters to Sergius of Constantinople, which avoided the language of two operations in Christ, were condemned at the Third Council of Constantinople.
The 71st Bishop of Rome, 640.
The 72nd Bishop of Rome, 640–642.
The 73rd Bishop of Rome, 642–649.
Held the Lateran synod of 649 against Monothelitism, was arrested by the emperor Constans II, tried at Constantinople and exiled to the Crimea, where he died; the last pope venerated as a martyr.
The 75th Bishop of Rome, 654–657.
Sent Theodore of Tarsus to Canterbury.
The 77th Bishop of Rome, 672–676.
The 78th Bishop of Rome, 676–678.
His legates presided at the Third Council of Constantinople, and his letter to the emperor set out the faith of two wills in Christ that the council adopted.
Confirmed the Third Council of Constantinople, including its condemnation of Honorius.
The 81st Bishop of Rome, 684–685.
The 82nd Bishop of Rome, 685–686.
The 83rd Bishop of Rome, 686–687.
Refused to sign the canons of the Council in Trullo; he introduced the Agnus Dei into the Mass.
The 85th Bishop of Rome, 701–705.
The 86th Bishop of Rome, 705–707.
The 87th Bishop of Rome, 708.
The last pope to visit Constantinople before Paul VI.
Sent Boniface to the Germans and resisted the iconoclasm of Leo III.
Held a Roman synod against iconoclasm and first appealed to the Franks for help against the Lombards.
The last Greek pope; translated Gregory the Great's Dialogues into Greek.
Crossed the Alps to anoint Pepin king of the Franks, who gave the Roman church the lands that became the Papal States. (Another Stephen, elected in 752, died before consecration and is not counted.)
The 93rd Bishop of Rome, 757–767.
The 94th Bishop of Rome, 768–772.
- antipopeConstantine II767–768
- antipopePhilip768
Pope for Charlemagne's conquest of the Lombards; his letters to the Frankish court concern the Second Council of Nicaea and the Libri Carolini.
Crowned Charlemagne emperor at St Peter's on Christmas Day 800.
The 97th Bishop of Rome, 816–817.
Built Santa Prassede and Santa Maria in Domnica, whose mosaics survive.
The 99th Bishop of Rome, 824–827.
The 100th Bishop of Rome, 827.
The 101st Bishop of Rome, 827–844.
The 102nd Bishop of Rome, 844–847.
- antipopeJohn VIII844
Built the Leonine wall around the Vatican after the Saracen raid of 846.
The 104th Bishop of Rome, 855–858.
- antipopeAnastasius Bibliothecarius855
Called the Great; he upheld the deposition of Photius, defended the marriage of Theutberga against Lothair II, and answered the Bulgarians' questions on the faith.
Confirmed the Slavonic liturgy of Cyril and Methodius.
Crowned Charles the Bald; the first pope to be assassinated.
The 108th Bishop of Rome, 882–884.
The 109th Bishop of Rome, 884–885.
The 110th Bishop of Rome, 885–891.
His body was exhumed and tried at the Cadaver Synod under Stephen VI.
The 112th Bishop of Rome, 896.
The 113th Bishop of Rome, 896–897.
The 114th Bishop of Rome, 897.
The 115th Bishop of Rome, 897.
The 116th Bishop of Rome, 898–900.
The 117th Bishop of Rome, 900–903.
The 118th Bishop of Rome, 903.
- antipopeChristopher903–904
The 119th Bishop of Rome, 904–911.
The 120th Bishop of Rome, 911–913.
The last pope till Francis to take a name no predecessor had borne.
The 122nd Bishop of Rome, 914–928.
The 123rd Bishop of Rome, 928.
The 124th Bishop of Rome, 928–931.
The 125th Bishop of Rome, 931–935.
The 126th Bishop of Rome, 936–939.
The 127th Bishop of Rome, 939–942.
The 128th Bishop of Rome, 942–946.
The 129th Bishop of Rome, 946–955.
Octavian, son of Alberic of Spoleto, elected at eighteen; he crowned Otto I emperor in 962 and was deposed by him.
The 131st Bishop of Rome, 963–965.
The 132nd Bishop of Rome, 964.
The 133rd Bishop of Rome, 965–972.
The 134th Bishop of Rome, 973–974.
- antipopeBoniface VII974; 984–985
The 135th Bishop of Rome, 974–983.
The 136th Bishop of Rome, 983–984.
The first pope to canonise a saint by formal decree (Ulrich of Augsburg, 993).
Bruno of Carinthia, the first German pope, cousin of Otto III.
- antipopeJohn XVI997–998
Gerbert of Aurillac, the most learned man of his age, master of the abacus and the astrolabe.
The 140th Bishop of Rome, 1003.
The 141st Bishop of Rome, 1003–1009.
The 142nd Bishop of Rome, 1009–1012.
The 143rd Bishop of Rome, 1012–1024.
- antipopeGregory VI1012
The 144th Bishop of Rome, 1024–1032.
Theophylact of Tusculum, made pope as a young man by his family; he was driven out, returned, sold the office to Gregory VI and seized it once more. The Annuario counts his three pontificates as the 145th, 147th and 150th.
The 146th Bishop of Rome, 1045.
Bought the papacy from Benedict IX to end a scandal and resigned it at Sutri before Henry III; the young Hildebrand followed him into exile.
The 149th Bishop of Rome, 1046–1047.
The 151st Bishop of Rome, 1048.
Bruno of Toul, the reforming pope; his legate Humbert laid the bull of excommunication on the altar of Hagia Sophia in 1054.
The 153rd Bishop of Rome, 1055–1057.
The 154th Bishop of Rome, 1057–1058.
His decree of 1059 gave the election of the pope to the cardinals.
- antipopeBenedict X1058–1059
The 156th Bishop of Rome, 1061–1073.
- antipopeHonorius II1061–1064
Hildebrand, the reformer who forbade lay investiture, excommunicated Henry IV and received him at Canossa; he died in exile at Salerno.
- antipopeClement III1080–1100
Desiderius, abbot of Monte Cassino.
Called the First Crusade at Clermont in 1095.
The 160th Bishop of Rome, 1099–1118.
- antipopeTheodoric1100–1101
- antipopeAdalbert1101
- antipopeSylvester IV1105–1111
The 161st Bishop of Rome, 1118–1119.
- antipopeGregory VIII1118–1121
Ended the investiture contest with the Concordat of Worms (1122) and confirmed it at the First Lateran Council.
The 163rd Bishop of Rome, 1124–1130.
- antipopeCelestine II1124
Held the Second Lateran Council after the schism of Anacletus II.
- antipopeAnacletus II1130–1138
- antipopeVictor IV (1138)1138
The 165th Bishop of Rome, 1143–1144.
The 166th Bishop of Rome, 1144–1145.
Cistercian disciple of Bernard of Clairvaux, who wrote On Consideration for him; he called the Second Crusade.
The 168th Bishop of Rome, 1153–1154.
Nicholas Breakspear, the only English pope.
Held the Third Lateran Council, which required two thirds of the cardinals for a valid election; he absolved Henry II after Becket's murder.
- antipopeVictor IV1159–1164
- antipopePaschal III1164–1168
- antipopeCallistus III1168–1178
- antipopeInnocent III1179–1180
The 171st Bishop of Rome, 1181–1185.
The 172nd Bishop of Rome, 1185–1187.
The 173rd Bishop of Rome, 1187.
The 174th Bishop of Rome, 1187–1191.
The 175th Bishop of Rome, 1191–1198.
Lotario dei Conti, the most powerful of the medieval popes; he approved the rules of Francis and Dominic and presided at the Fourth Lateran Council, which defined transubstantiation.
The 177th Bishop of Rome, 1216–1227.
Canonised Francis of Assisi and Dominic; his Decretals became the Church's law.
The 179th Bishop of Rome, 1241.
The 180th Bishop of Rome, 1243–1254.
The 181st Bishop of Rome, 1254–1261.
Instituted the feast of Corpus Christi for the whole Church, for which Thomas Aquinas is said to have composed the office.
The 183rd Bishop of Rome, 1265–1268.
Held the Second Council of Lyons, at which the Greeks accepted a reunion, and gave the conclave its rules.
Peter of Tarentaise, the first Dominican pope.
The 186th Bishop of Rome, 1276.
Peter of Spain, the logician.
The 188th Bishop of Rome, 1277–1280.
The 189th Bishop of Rome, 1281–1285.
The 190th Bishop of Rome, 1285–1287.
The first Franciscan pope.
Peter of Morrone, the hermit, who resigned after five months.
Author of Unam Sanctam and of the first Jubilee (1300); he died soon after his seizure at Anagni by Philip IV's agents.
The 194th Bishop of Rome, 1303–1304.
Moved the papal court to Avignon and suppressed the Templars at the Council of Vienne.
The 196th Bishop of Rome, 1316–1334.
- antipopeNicholas V1328–1330
Defined in Benedictus Deus (1336) that the just see God face to face before the resurrection.
The 198th Bishop of Rome, 1342–1352.
The 199th Bishop of Rome, 1352–1362.
The 200th Bishop of Rome, 1362–1370.
Returned the papacy from Avignon to Rome in 1377, urged by Catherine of Siena.
His disputed election began the Western Schism.
- antipopeClement VII1378–1394
The 203rd Bishop of Rome, 1389–1404.
- antipopeBenedict XIII1394–1423
The 204th Bishop of Rome, 1404–1406.
Resigned at the Council of Constance to end the Western Schism.
- antipopeAlexander V1409–1410
- antipopeJohn XXIII1410–1415
Elected at Constance, the first pope of the reunited Church.
- antipopeClement VIII1423–1429
Presided at the Council of Florence, where the Greeks signed the decree of union (1439).
- antipopeFelix V1439–1449
Founded the Vatican Library.
The 209th Bishop of Rome, 1455–1458.
Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini, humanist and historian.
The 211th Bishop of Rome, 1464–1471.
Built the Sistine Chapel and approved the feast of the Immaculate Conception for the Roman church.
The 213th Bishop of Rome, 1484–1492.
Rodrigo Borgia; he divided the New World between Spain and Portugal.
The 215th Bishop of Rome, 1503.
Laid the foundation stone of the new St Peter's and commissioned Michelangelo's Sistine ceiling; he called the Fifth Lateran Council.
Giovanni de' Medici; he condemned Luther in Exsurge Domine (1520).
The last non-Italian pope before John Paul II.
Pope through the Sack of Rome (1527) and Henry VIII's suit for annulment, which he refused.
Approved the Society of Jesus and opened the Council of Trent.
The 221st Bishop of Rome, 1550–1555.
Palestrina's Missa Papae Marcelli bears his name.
The 223rd Bishop of Rome, 1555–1559.
Brought the Council of Trent to its close and confirmed its decrees.
The Dominican pope of the Roman Catechism, the reformed Breviary and Missal, and the Holy League that won at Lepanto.
Reformed the calendar (1582) and founded the Gregorian University.
Reorganised the Roman Curia into congregations and fixed the number of cardinals at seventy.
The shortest pontificate, twelve days.
The 229th Bishop of Rome, 1590–1591.
The 230th Bishop of Rome, 1591.
Issued the revised Vulgate (1592).
The 232nd Bishop of Rome, 1605.
Completed the nave and façade of St Peter's.
Founded the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith.
Consecrated the new St Peter's (1626); his pontificate saw Galileo's trial.
Condemned five propositions of Jansen in Cum occasione (1653).
Commissioned Bernini's colonnade of St Peter's Square.
The 238th Bishop of Rome, 1667–1669.
The 239th Bishop of Rome, 1670–1676.
Opposed Louis XIV's Gallicanism; beatified in 1956.
The 241st Bishop of Rome, 1689–1691.
Forbade nepotism in the bull Romanum decet Pontificem.
Condemned Jansenism again in Unigenitus (1713).
The 244th Bishop of Rome, 1721–1724.
The 245th Bishop of Rome, 1724–1730.
Condemned Freemasonry in In eminenti (1738).
Prospero Lambertini, canonist and scholar, whose work on beatification and canonisation shaped the process.
The 248th Bishop of Rome, 1758–1769.
Suppressed the Society of Jesus in 1773.
Taken prisoner by the French Directory and died in captivity at Valence.
Crowned Napoleon in Paris, was imprisoned by him at Savona and Fontainebleau, and restored the Jesuits in 1814.
The 252nd Bishop of Rome, 1823–1829.
The 253rd Bishop of Rome, 1829–1830.
The 254th Bishop of Rome, 1831–1846.
Defined the Immaculate Conception in Ineffabilis Deus (1854), called the First Vatican Council, which defined papal infallibility, and lost the Papal States in 1870. The longest reigning pope after Peter.
Author of Rerum novarum (1891) and of Providentissimus Deus on Scripture; he opened the Vatican archives to scholars.
Reformed church music and the Breviary, admitted children to communion and condemned Modernism in Pascendi (1907).
Pope of the First World War, whose peace note of 1917 went unheeded; he promulgated the Code of Canon Law (1917).
Signed the Lateran Treaty (1929), founded the feast of Christ the King, and condemned Nazism in Mit brennender Sorge (1937).
Defined the Assumption in Munificentissimus Deus (1950) and wrote Divino afflante Spiritu on Scripture and Mystici Corporis on the Church.
Called the Second Vatican Council and wrote Pacem in terris; canonised in 2014.
Brought the Second Vatican Council to its close and carried out its reforms; author of Humanae vitae (1968); canonised in 2018.
Albino Luciani, pope for thirty-three days.
Karol Wojtyła, the first Polish pope; he promulgated the Catechism of the Catholic Church (1992), wrote fourteen encyclicals, and was canonised in 2014.
Joseph Ratzinger, theologian of the Council and prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith; he resigned in 2013, the first pope to do so since Gregory XII.
Jorge Mario Bergoglio, the first Jesuit and the first pope from the Americas; author of Laudato si' and Evangelii gaudium.
Robert Francis Prevost, the first pope from the United States, elected on 8 May 2025.
End of the list
Picture credits · 182 portraits from Wikimedia Commons, public domain or Creative Commons Attribution
- Adeodatus I: Tassin & Toustain. pour le versement et les modifications ː G.Garitan, SCeau Deusdedit pape 17108, 1759 · Public domain
- Adeodatus II: Unknown authorUnknown author, 77-Adeodatus II, 7th century · Public domain
- Adrian IV: Unknown medieval illustrator, Adrian IV, servus servorum dei (cropped), between circa 1150 and circa 1200 · Public domain
- Adrian V: Sailko, Arnolfo di cambio, monumento di papa adriano V, post 1276, 05, 2017-07-11 07:59:57 · CC BY 3.0
- Adrian VI: After Jan van Scorel, Dutch: Portret van Adriaan Florisz. Boeyens (1459-1523) als paus Adrianus VI Portrait of Pope Adrian VI, Original: presumably between 24 May and 25 May 1523Apparently the Venetian envoy Sanuto Marino writes in his diary that on those dates, a young Dutch painter made two portraits of the Pope.(see link above for source); This version: circa 1625 · Public domain
- Agapetus I: Dvillafruela, Saint Maixent l'École-Abbatiale Saint Maixent-Vitraux du choeur-20110307(Agapetus crop), 27 March 2011 · CC0
- Agapetus II: Leonardo Todisco Grande Memoria dell' antichitá Traduzione Antoni Silba Napoli 1853, Monetadiagapitoiiconalberico, 1853 · Public domain
- Agatho: Authors of Menologion of Basil II (circa 985 AC, Constantinople), Byzantine manuscript illuminators[1]: Pantoleon with Georgios, Michael the Younger, Michael of Blachernae, Symeon, Symeon of Blachernae, Menas, and Nestor (Online on Vatican site), Pope Agatho (Menologion of Basil II) - cropped, 0985 · Public domain
- Alexander II: NerdAssembledy, Alexander II detail, 11th/12th century · CC0
- Alexander III: Possibly Matthew Paris, Becket bids farewell to the Pope - Becket Leaves (c.1220-1240), f. 1v - BL Loan MS 88 (cropped), between circa 1220 and circa 1240 · Public domain
- Alexander V: Michel Wolgemut, Wilhelm Pleydenwurff (Hartmann Schedel, editor), Nuremberg Chronicle f 235v 3 Alexander V, 1493 · Public domain
- Alexander VI: Attributed to Pedro Berruguete, Italian: Ritratto di Alessandro VI (Borgia, 1492-1503) Portrait of Alexander VI (Borgia, 1492-1503), 1495 · Public domain
- Alexander VII: Giovanni Battista Gaulli, Portrait of Pope Alexander VII, 17th-century · Public domain
- Alexander VIII: Unidentified painter, Pope Alexander VIII (1610-1691), 17th century · Public domain
- Anastasius I: Manuel Rodríguez y Pérez de Tudela (1866-1926), AnastasiI, 1923 · Public domain
- Anastasius IV: Giovanni Battista de'Cavalieri, Anastasius IV. Anastasio IV, 1580 · CC0
- Anterus: Pietro Perugino, Pietro Perugino – Anterus, circa 1481 · Public domain
- Benedict III: tassin et Toustain. Pour le versement et les modifications ː G.Garitan, BenedictIIIbullseal, 1760 · Public domain
- Benedict IX: Tassin et Toustain. G.Garitan pour le versement et les modifications ., Robert abbaye COlombs Benoist IX 17002, 1760 · Public domain
- Benedict VII: Unknown authorUnknown author, Denarius of Benedict VII, between 974 and 983 · Public domain
- Benedict VIII: Unknown authorUnknown author, Henry II crowned Holy Roman Emperor, between 1400 and 1410 · Public domain
- Benedict XI: Sailko, Lorenzo maitani (attr.), monumento di benedetto XI, 1305 circa, 05(rotated)(cropped), 1 August 2016 · CC BY 3.0
- Benedict XII: Unknown authorUnknown author, Français 2810, fol. 134v, Benoît XII et messagers de Chine (cropped 2), between circa 1410 and circa 1412 · Public domain
- Benedict XIII: Juan Rexach, San Pedro de Pontifical, Original: 15th century; This version: Taken on 10 February 2020, 13:41:07 · Public domain
- Benedict XIII: Unidentified painter, Portrait of Pope Benedict XIII Orsini, mid 18th century · Public domain
- Benedict XIV: Pierre Subleyras, Pope Benedict XIV (Prospero Lambertini, 1675–1758), 1746 · Public domain
- Benedict XV: Nicola Perscheid, Benedictus XV, by Nicola Perscheid, 1915 (retouched), 1915 · Public domain
- Boniface I: Cornelis Galle the Elder, H. Augustinus met brandend hart Titelpagina voor Cornelius Jansenius, Augustinus, Leuven, 1640, RP-P-OB-6932(cropped2), 1640 · CC0
- Boniface IV: Giuseppe Franco, Papa Bonifacio IV, 17th century · Public domain
- Boniface IX: Sailko, Cosmati, bonifacio IX inginocchiato, 1390-1410 ca (cropped), Taken on 31 May 2016, 13:05:39 · Public domain
- Boniface VIII: Giotto, Boniface VIII declaring the Jubilee Year of 1300, 1300 · Public domain
- Caius: User:Polylerus, Pope Caius, January of 2008 · CC0
- Callistus I: Unknown authorUnknown author; Photo taken by Arnaldo Vescovo, Fresco of Pope Callixtus I - Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls (Before 1823), circa 450 · Public domain
- Callistus II: Unknown, Calixtus II · Public domain
- Callistus III: Sano di Pietro, Calixtus III, 1455 · Public domain
- Celestine III: Peter of Eboli, Coelestin III (cropped 2), 1196 · Public domain
- Celestine V: Niccolò di Tommaso, Celestine V Castel Nuovo Napoli n02 · Public domain
- Clement I: Unknown, Clemens I, 1000 · Public domain
- Clement II: Kirchenfan, Hornburg Clemens Grundstein, 2016-05-16 09:55:49 · CC0
- Clement III: Bishop Otto of Freising. Original uploader was Lamré at sv.wikipedia, Clemente III, antipapa (cropped), 21 December 2004 (original upload date) · Public domain
- Clement III: French anonymous, SpeculumGrandmontis (Pope Clement III), 13th century · Public domain
- Clement IX: Carlo Maratta, Russian: «Портрет папы Климента IX (1600-1669) »Portrait of Pope Clement IX (1600-1669), 1669 · Public domain
- Clement V: Sailko, Clemente V cappellone degli Spagnoli, 11 February 2014, 15:28:57 · CC BY 3.0
- Clement VI: Matteo Giovanetti, 01 Clément VI (Fresque de la chapelle Saint-Martial du palais des papes), 14th century · Public domain
- Clement VII: Giac Master, GiacMaster Clement VII, 15th century · Public domain
- Clement VII: Sebastiano del Piombo, Pope Clement VII, 1531 · Public domain
- Clement VIII: Gelindu, 1280282369 clement-viii, Taken on 2 February 201713 February 2017, 15:31 (upload date) · Public domain
- Clement X: Giovanni Battista Gaulli, Pope Clement X (1590–1676), between circa 1670 and circa 1671 · Public domain
- Clement XI: After Pier Leone Ghezzi, Portrait of Pope Clement XI, 18th century · Public domain
- Clement XII: Agostino Masucci, Portrait of Pope Clement XII, seated, between circa 1730 and circa 1731 · Public domain
- Clement XIII: Anton Raphael Mengs, Portrait of Pope Clement XIII, 1760 · Public domain
- Clement XIV: Original uploaded by: Museodellacittacquapendente, Giovanni Domenico Porta – Ritratto di papa Clemente XIV (c. 1770), Original: Taken on 21 August 2020, 14:17; This version: 23 August 2020 (upload date) · Public domain
- Conon: Unknown authorUnknown author, Fresco of Pope Conon before restoration - Palazzo Altieri, circa 1661 · Public domain
- Damasus I: Unknown authorUnknown author, Pope Damasus - Biblia Sancti Martialis Lemovicensis, Folio 4v, 11th century · Public domain
- Dionysius: Unknown authorUnknown author, Pope Dionysius, Unknown date?? · Public domain
- Eugene IV: Sailko, Domenico di Bartolo, madonna della misericordia, 1444, 06(cropped), 2017-08-21 · CC BY 3.0
- Eusebius: unknown artist 250-300 A.D., Rome, Christian in Rome in orante praying position, from the book Die Malereien der Katakomben Roms, plate 88, levels applied 2, between 250 and 300 · Public domain
- Evaristus: Sandro Botticelli, Pope Saint Evaristus (by Sandro Botticelli) – Sistine Chapel (1481), 1481 · Public domain
- Fabian: Giovanni di Paolo, Saints Fabian and Sebastian, 1475 · Public domain
- Felix I: Unknown, PopeFelixI, Unknown date · Public domain
- Felix III: Rijksmuseum, Portret van paus Felix III (IV), RP-P-1874-12-111-1, between 1549 and 1573 · CC0
- Felix IV: Unknown authorUnknown author., Mosaic of Pope Felix IV (III)., The mosaic was heavily restored afterwards. · Public domain
- Felix V: Michel Wolgemut, Wilhelm Pleydenwurff (Hartmann Schedel, editor), Nuremberg Chronicle f 242v 2 Felix V, 1493 · Public domain
- Formosus: Bartolomeo Sacchi, detto il Platina (1421-1481), Formoso, 2015-11-05 · Public domain
- Gelasius I: Ondraness, Augustiniánský klášter, Staré Brno, Gelasius I, 2023-06-02 18:16:06 · CC0
- Gelasius II: AnonymousUnknown author, Gelasius-II, circa 1525 · Public domain
- Gregory IV: Fulda, Gregory-IV (cropped), between 831 and 840 · Public domain
- Gregory the Great: British Library, Gregory the Great with the Holy Spirit, 1st quarter of the 12th century · CC0
- Gregory V: Unknown, Otto III wird von Papst Gregor V. zum Kaiser gesalbt · Public domain
- Gregory VII: Unknown authorUnknown author, Exultet Rolls of Southern Italy, detail of Pope Gregory VII, circa 1087 · Public domain
- Gregory VIII: Gregorius VIII, pope (-1187) (depicted), Gregorius VIII, PA05322, {Unknown} · Public domain
- Gregory X: Eccekevin (talk), Gregory X, Buffalmacco, Arezzo Cathedral, Taken on 13 June 2021, 02:11 (UTC) · Public domain
- Gregory XI: Virgil Master and his atelier, Duke of Anjou leading Pope Gregory XI to the palace at Avignon, while cardinals follow (cropped), 14th century · Public domain
- Gregory XII: Justus van Gent / Pedro Berruguete, Gregorio Incaelum Relato, between circa 1473 and circa 1476 · Public domain
- Gregory XIII: Attributed to Bartolomeo Passarotti, German: Papst Gregor XIII. Pope Gregory XIII, circa 1586 · Public domain
- Gregory XIV: roman painter, Papa Urbano VII (Pope Urban VII), 1590s · Public domain
- Gregory XV: Guercino, Pope Gregory XV, 1622 · Public domain
- Gregory XVI: Paul Delaroche, French: Grégoire XVI, pape (1765-1846) Gregory XVI, Pope (1765-1846), 1844 · Public domain
- Hilarius: Havang(nl), Carville-Pot-de-Fer (Seine-Mar.) église, statue 03 Saint Hilaire pape, 2019-07-30 09:02:31 · CC0
- Honorius II: Franz George Hermann/Andreas Praefcke, Schussenried Kloster Deckengemälde Treppenhaus 2 detail02(cropped), Before 1768 · CC0
- Honorius III: Hegesandros, Pope Honorious III kneeling at feet of Christ, 2010-05-15 11:07:49 · CC0
- Hyginus: Bocachete, HyginosI, 2006-05 · Public domain
- Innocent I: Unknown authorUnknown author, Fresco of Pope Innocent I - Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls (Before 1823), c. 450 · Public domain
- Innocent III: Carlo Raso, Pope Innocent III (Monastery of Subiaco), 2016-06-22 10:39:33 · Public domain
- Innocent IV: AnonymousUnknown author, The Council of Lyons excommunicating Frederic II (cropped), 13th century · Public domain
- Innocent IX: anonymous / After Hieronymus Wierix, Italian: Ritratto di papa Innocenzo IX Portrait of Pope Innocent IX, early 17th century · Public domain
- Innocent V: Risorto Celebrano, 40 Innocenzo V(cropped), 27 October 2013 · CC BY 3.0
- Innocent VI: Sailko, Innocent VI, 2014-02-11 15:38:39 · Public domain
- Innocent VII: Michel Wolgemut, Wilhelm Pleydenwurff (Hartmann Schedel, editor), Nuremberg Chronicle f 235v 1 Innocentius VII, 1493 · Public domain
- Innocent X: Diego Velázquez, Italian: Ritratto di Innocenzo X Portrait of Innocent X, from 1649 until 1650 · Public domain
- Innocent XI: Jacob Ferdinand Voet, Portrait of Innocenzo XI Odescalchi, fourth quarter of 17th century · Public domain
- Innocent XII: Antonio Zanchi, Portrait of Innocent XII, Pope, late 16th century · Public domain
- Innocent XIII: Possibly Agostino Masucci, InnocientXIII, circa 1722 · Public domain
- John IV: Unidentified painter, Papa Giovanni IV, Unknown date, probably circa 17th century · Public domain
- John Paul I: Anefo, Paus Johannes Paulus I (Bestanddeelnr 929-9074) (cropped), Taken on 19 September 1978 · CC0
- John V: Many, Rivista italiana di numismatica 1891 p 189, 1891 · Public domain
- John VI: Artaud de Montor (1772–1849), Pope John VI, 2013-06-09 06:25:08 · Public domain
- John VII: Byzantinischer Mosaizist um 705, Porträt des Papstes Johannes VII. als Stifter mit Kirchenmodell, Fragment, 705-707 · Public domain
- John VIII: AnonymousUnknown author, Jan-VIII, 14th century · Public domain
- John X: Unknown authorUnknown author, Denarius of John X, between 915 and 924 · Public domain
- John XII: Unknown, Otto I begegnet Papst Johannes XII (cropped) · Public domain
- John XIX: Unknown, Bari Exultet roll 1 - emperors and pope (pope1) · Public domain
- John XVI: Artaud de Montor (1772–1849), Pope John XVI, 2013-06-12 14:07:02 · Public domain
- John XXI: Sailko, Andrea di bonaiuto, apoteosi di san tommaso d'aquino, scienze ed arti 12 Dialettica e Pietro Ispano 3 (1), 11 February 2014 · CC BY 3.0
- John XXII: Unknown century 14th, Jean XXII 1316, 2011-07-06 19:32:56 · Public domain
- John XXIII: Ulrich of Richenthal, Johannes XXIII. Gegenpapst 2, 1430 · Public domain
- John XXIII: De Agostini Editore, Ioannes XXIII, by De Agostini, 1958–1963, between 28 October 1958 and 3 June 1963 · Public domain
- Julius II: Raphael, Portrait of Pope Julius II, 1511 · Public domain
- Julius III: Circle of Girolamo Siciolante da Sermoneta, Dutch: Paus Julius III (1478-1555) Pope Julius III (1478-1555), between 1550s and 1600 · Public domain
- Laurentius: Vincent de Beauvais, Laurentius antipope, 1259 · Public domain
- Leo III: Various: Original: Unknown authorUnknown author Restoration: Ferdinando Fuga (1743), Pope Leo III portrait – Triclinium Leoninum, between 798 and 799 · Public domain
- Leo IV: PalauanLibertarian, PopeLeoIV (cropped), 2024-06-21 17:19:32 · CC BY 4.0
- Leo IX: Unknown, Leon IX · Public domain
- Leo the Great: Francisco Herrera the Younger, El papa San León I Magno, 17th century · Public domain
- Leo X: Francesco Bini, Raffaello, ritratto di papa leone X tra i cardinali luigi de' rossi e giulio de' medici, 1518, 03, 2022-01-19 12:13:46 · Public domain
- Leo XI: anonymous, French: Léon XI, pape (1535-1605) Leo XI, Pope (1535-1605), between circa 1605 and circa 1622 · Public domain
- Leo XII: Charles Picqué, Portrait of Pope Leo XII, 1828 · Public domain
- Leo XIII: Braun et Compagnie, Papa Leone XIII (3x4 cropped), Taken on 11 April 1878 · Public domain
- Liberius: Bartolomé Esteban Perez Murillo, Patrician John Reveals his Dream to Pope Liberius, 1665 · Public domain
- Linus: Authors of Menologion of Basil II (circa 985 AC, Constantinople), Byzantine manuscript illuminators[1]: Pantoleon with Georgios, Michael the Younger, Michael of Blachernae, Symeon, Symeon of Blachernae, Menas, and Nestor (Online on Vatican site), Menologion of Basil II - Patrobulus, Hermas, Linus, Caius, Philologus of 70 disciples (Portrait of Linus), 10-11 century · Public domain
- Lucius I: Unknown authorUnknown author; Photo taken by Arnaldo Vescovo, Fresco of Pope Lucius I - Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls (Before 1823), circa 450 · Public domain
- Lucius II: Unknown authorUnknown author, Fresco of Pope Lucius II after restoration - Palazzo Altieri, circa 1661 · Public domain
- Lucius III: Probably Peter of Eboli, Lucius-III, circa 1196 · Public domain
- Marcellinus: Unknown authorUnknown author, Martyrdom of pope Marcellinus, 06/10/2008 · Public domain
- Marcellus I: antmoose, Roma-sanmarcelloalcorso2, 2005-11-11 · CC BY 2.0
- Marcellus II: Workshop of Italian art schools of the Renaissance, Portrait of Marcellus II, 16th century · Public domain
- Martin IV: Unknown authorUnknown author, Martin IV, 14th century · Public domain
- Martin V: Venetian school / After Pisanello, Italian: Ritratto di papa Martino VPortrait of Pope Martin V (1368-1431), 15th century · Public domain
- Miltiades: Unknown, Icon of Pope Miltiades · Public domain
- Nicholas I: John Salmon, St Nicholas, Great Wakering - Stained glass window - geograph.org.uk - 3916715(cropped), 3 April 2014 · CC BY 2.0
- Nicholas II: Unknown authorUnknown author, Robert Guiscard claimed as a Duke (Detail of Nicholas II), 14th century · Public domain
- Nicholas III: Sailko, Scuola romana, affreschi del sancta sanctorum, 1280 ca., Niccolò III dona la chiesa ai ss. pietro e paolo 03 (cropped), 31 May 2016, 12:09:59 · CC BY 3.0
- Nicholas V: Virgil Master (illuminator), Antipope-Nicholas V, circa 1410 · Public domain
- Nicholas V: Peter Paul Rubens, Portrait of pope Nicholas V, between 1612 and 1616 · Public domain
- Paschal I: Unknown, Pope Paschalis I, circa 822 · Public domain
- Paschal II: Unknown authorUnknown author, Pope Paschal-II 1107, 14th century · Public domain
- Paschal III: Spinello Aretino, Spinello Election of Antipope Paschal, 14th century · Public domain
- Paul I: Tassin & Toustain. pour le versement et les modifications ː G.Garitan, SCeau Paul I pape 17109 (cropped), 1759 · Public domain
- Paul II: Unknown authorUnknown author, Portrait of Paolo II, between circa 1521 and circa 1552 · Public domain
- Paul III: Titian, Italian: Ritratto di Paolo III Portrait of Pope Paul III, 1543 · Public domain
- Paul IV: Manner of Jacopino del Conte, Italian: Ritratto di papa Paolo IV Carafa Portrait of Pope Paul IV Carafa, between circa 1556 and circa 1560 · Public domain
- Paul V: Attributed to Caravaggio, Italian: Ritratto di papa Paolo V Portrait of Pope Paul V, between circa 1605 and circa 1606 · Public domain
- Paul VI: Fotografia Felici, Pope Paul VI 1969 Portrait (4x5 cropped), early 1969 · Public domain
- Peter the Apostle: Unknown authorUnknown author, Saint Peter-Sinai (6th Century) Crop, early 6th century · Public domain
- Pius I: Pietro Perugino, Pope Pius I, circa 1481-1483 · Public domain
- Pius II: Pinturicchio, Freskenzyklus zu Leben und Taten des Enea Silvio Piccolomini, Papst Pius II. in der Dombibliothek zu Siena, Szene: Enea Silvio Piccolomini alias Papst Pius II. trifft in Ancona ein, Detail, 1502-1507 · Public domain
- Pius III: Unknown authorUnknown author, PiusIII, Unknown date (sitter died 1503) · Public domain
- Pius IV: Circle of Scipione Pulzone, Portrait of Pope Pius IV, three-quarter-length, seated at a draped table (Circle of Scipione Pulzone), 1560s · Public domain
- Pius IX: Adolphe Braun, Italian: Papa Pio IX Pope Pius IX, 13 May 1875 · Public domain
- Pius V: Bartolomeo Passarotti and workshop, Portrait of Pope Pius V, circa 1566 · Public domain
- Pius VI: Pompeo Batoni, Portrait of Pope Pius VI, Giovanni Angelo Braschi (1717-1799), 1775 · Public domain
- Pius VII: Thomas Lawrence, Portrait of Pope Pius VII, 1819 · Public domain
- Pius VIII: Clemente Alberi, Italian: Ritratto di papa Pio VIII Portrait of Pope Pius VIII, between 31 March 1829 and 30 November 1830 · Public domain
- Pius X: Ernest Walter Histed, Pope Pius X (Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto), before 20 August 1914 · Public domain
- Pius XI: Nicola Perscheid, Pius XI, by Nicola Perscheid, circa 1922 (retouched), circa 1922 · Public domain
- Pius XII: Michael Pitcairn, Pius XII with tabard, by Michael Pitcairn, 1951 (retouched), circa 1951 · Public domain
- Pontian: Spinello Aretino, St Pontianus (wing of a polyptych), between 1383 and 1384 · Public domain
- Romanus: Horace Kinder Mann, Coin of Pope Romanus, 1902 · Public domain
- Sergius I: Workshop of Rogier van der Weyden (Netherlandish, 1399/1400 - 1464) (1399 - 1464) – artist (Netherlandish) Details on Google Art Project, The Dream of Pope Sergius, late 1430s · Public domain
- Sergius III: Museo Nazionale Romano, Denarius of Sergius III, 905-911 · Public domain
- Simplicius: Jacques Callot, S. Simplice, pape (St. Simplicius, Pope), March 2nd, from Les Images De Tous Les Saincts et Saintes de L'Année (Images of All of the Saints and Religious Events of the Year), 1636 · CC0
- Siricius: Master of the Altarpiece of Santa Auta, St. Auta Altarpiece, 15th century · Public domain
- Sixtus IV: Pedro Berruguete, Portrait of Pope Sixtus IV della Rovere, between circa 1476 and circa 1482 · CC0
- Sixtus V: Pietro Facchetti, His Holiness Pope Sixtus V Pietro Fachetti, 16th century · Public domain
- Stephen II: Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève, Paris, Pape Etienne II (cropped), Taken on 30 December 2008 · Public domain
- Sylvester I: User:Sailko, Età di paolo I, storie di noè, di giuseppe e cristo in trono tra ss. e padri della chiesa occ.le e or.le, 757-767, 16(cropped), 2016-06-01 · CC BY 3.0
- Sylvester II: Meister der Reichenauer Schule, Evangeliar Kaiser Ottos III., Szene: Der thronende Herrscher, circa 1000 · Public domain
- Symmachus: Unknown authorUnknown author, Pope Symmachus – apse mosaic of Sant'Agnese fuori le mura, 7th-century · Public domain
- Theodore I: Lalupa, 20 - s M Liberatrice mosaici e stemmi - part re P1040942(cropped), 1 October 2014 (c.1908) · CC BY 4.0
- Urban I: Raphael, Pope Urban I between Iustitia and Caritas, between 1520 and 1524 · Public domain
- Urban II: Unknown authorUnknown author, Urbano II in consacrazione de l'altare del monastero di Cluny (detail) (crop), between late 12th century and early 13th century · Public domain
- Urban III: AnonymousUnknown author, Urban2 lat, 1331 · Public domain
- Urban IV: Sailko, Taddeo di bartolo, s. tommaso d'aquino presenta la sua liturgia del corpus christi a urbano IV, 1403 ca. (cropped2), 1403 · CC BY 3.0
- Urban V: Sailko, Simone dei crocifissi, urbano V, 1375 ca., forse dalla cattedrale di s. pietro 01 (cropped), 2014-04-29 11:35:51 · Public domain
- Urban VI: it:Utente:Riccardov, Pope Urban 6, 2006-09-05 · Public domain
- Urban VII: Jacopino del Conte, Italian: Ritratto di Urbano VII Portrait of Urban VII, 1590 · Public domain
- Urban VIII: Pietro da Cortona, Italian: Ritratto di Urbano VIII Portrait of Pope Urban VIII, between circa 1624 and circa 1627 · Public domain
- Victor II: Unknown authorUnknown author, Gebhard I Bischof von Eichstätt, als Victor II Papst, 11th century · Public domain
- Victor III: Unknown, Victor III. - Desiderius of Montecassino · Public domain
- Vitalian: Tassin et Toustain. G.Garitan pour le versement et les modifications ., Bulle vitaliani 16976, 1760 · Public domain
- Zachary: Sailko, Età di papa Zaccaria, cappella del primicerius Teodoro, Madonna in trono con Theodoto e la moglie, 741-752 (09), Original: 741-752; This version: 1 June 2016, 12:14:42 · CC BY 3.0
- Zosimus: Cornelis Galle the Elder, H. Augustinus met brandend hart Titelpagina voor Cornelius Jansenius, Augustinus, Leuven, 1640, RP-P-OB-6932(cropped), 1640 · CC0