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Saint Thomas Aquinas, Carlo Crivelli

Mark 15

Carlo Crivelli, Saint Thomas Aquinas, 1476 · National Gallery, London · Public domainCarlo Crivelli, Saint Thomas Aquinas, 1476, National Gallery, London

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Thomas Aquinas · Catena Aurea · Chapter 15

Passages · 90

Mark 15:1–5

  • Bede on Mark 15:1–5 — The Jews had a custom of delivering him whom they had condemned to death, bound to the judge. Wherefore after the condemnation of Christ, the Evangelist adds: “And straightway in the morning the Chief Priests held a…vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 15:1–5 — They then gave Jesus up to the Romans, but were themselves given up by God into the hands of the Romans, that the Scriptures might be fulfilled, which say, “Recompense them after the work of their hands.” [Ps 28:5]…vatican.va
  • Bede on Mark 15:1–5 (2) — By Pilate’s asking Him about no other accusation, except whether He was King of the Jews, they are convicted of impiety, for they could not even find a false accusation against our Saviour. It goes on: “And He…vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 15:1–5 (2) — For His answer is doubtful, since it may mean, Thou sayest, but I say not so.vatican.va
  • Bede on Mark 15:1–5 (3) — And observe that He does somewhere answer Pilate, who condemned Him unwillingly, but does not choose to answer the priests and great men, and judges them unworthy of a reply. It goes on: “And the Chief Priests…vatican.va
  • Augustine of Hippo on Mark 15:1–5 — Luke has also laid open the false charges which they brought against Him; for he thus relates it: “And they began to accuse Him, saying, We found this fellow perverting the nation, and forbidding to give tribute to…vatican.va
  • Bede on Mark 15:1–5 (4) — He indeed who condemns Jesus is a heathen, but he refers it to the people of the Jews as the cause. There follows: “But Jesus yet answered nothing; so that Pilate marvelled.” He was unwilling to give an answer, lest…vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 15:1–5 (3) — But Pilate wondered, because, though He was a teacher of the law, and eloquent, and able by His answer to destroy their accusations, He did not answer any thing, but rather bore their accusations courageously.vatican.va

Mark 15:6–15

  • Bede on Mark 15:6–15 — Pilate furnished many opportunities for releasing Jesus, in the first place contrasting a robber with the Just One. Wherefore it is said: “Now at that feast he released unto them one prisoner, whomsoever they desired.”vatican.va
  • Glossa Ordinaria on Mark 15:6–15 — Which indeed he was accustomed to do, to obtain favour with the people, and above all, on the feast day, when the people of the whole province of the Jews flocked to Jerusalem. And that the wickedness of the Jews…vatican.va
  • Augustine of Hippo on Mark 15:6–15 — No one can feel it a difficulty that Matthew is silent as to their asking some one to be released unto them, which Mark here mentions; for it is a thing of no consequence that one should mention a thing which another…vatican.va
  • Bede on Mark 15:6–15 (2) — This demand which the Jews made with such toil to themselves still sticks to them. Because, when the choice was given to them, they chose a robber instead of Christ, a murderer instead of the Saviour, they deservedly…vatican.va
  • Augustine of Hippo on Mark 15:6–15 (2) — It now is clear enough that Mark means by “King of the Jews” what Matthew means by the word, “Christ”; for no kings but those of the Jews were called Christs. For in this place according to Matthew it is said, “What…vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 15:6–15 — Now see the wickedness of the Jews, and the moderation of Pilate, though he too was worthy of condemnation for not resisting the people. For they cried out, “Crucify”; he faintly tries to save Jesus from their…vatican.va
  • Bede on Mark 15:6–15 (3) — But the Jews giving loose to their madness do not answer the question of the judge. Wherefore it goes on, “And they cried out the more exceedingly, Crucify him!,” that those words of the Prophet Jeremiah might be…vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 15:6–15 (2) — He wished indeed to satisfy the people, that is, to do their will, not what was agreeable to justice and to God.vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 15:6–15 — Here are two goats; one is the scape goat, that is, one loosed and sent out into the wilderness of hell with the sin of the people; the other is slain, as a lamb, for the sins of those who are forgiven. The Lord’s…vatican.va
  • Bede on Mark 15:6–15 (4) — We must understand that Jesus was scourged by no other than Pilate himself. For John writes: “Pilate took Jesus, and scourged Him,” [John 19:1] which we must suppose that he did, that the Jews might be satisfied with…vatican.va

Mark 15:16–20

  • Bede on Mark 15:16–20 — For since He had been called King of the Jews, and the scribes and priests had objected to Him as a crime that He usurped rule over the Jewish people, they in derision strip Him of His former garments, and put on Him…vatican.va
  • Augustine of Hippo on Mark 15:16–20 — But we must understand that the words of Matthew, they “put of Him a scarlet robe,” Mark expresses by “clothed Him in purple”; for that scarlet robe was used by them in derision for the royal purple, and there is a…vatican.va
  • Bede on Mark 15:16–20 (2) — But instead of the diadem, they put on Him a crown of thorns, wherefore it goes on, “And platted a crown of thorns, and put it about His head.” And for a royal sceptre they give Him a reed, as Matthew writes, and…vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 15:16–20 — His shame took away our shame; His bonds made us free; by the thorny crown of His head, we have obtained the crown of the kingdom; by His wounds we are healed.vatican.va
  • Augustine of Hippo on Mark 15:16–20 (2) — It appears that Matthew and Mark here relate things which took place previously, not that they happened when Pilate had already delivered Him to be crucified. For John says that these things took place at Pilate’s…vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 15:16–20 (2) — But in a mystic sense, Jesus was stripped of His clothes, that is, of the Jews, and is clothed in a purple robe, that is, in the Gentile church, which is gathered together out of the rocks. Again, putting it off in…vatican.va
  • Bede on Mark 15:16–20 (3) — Or else, by the purple robe, with which the Lord is clothed, is meant His flesh itself, which He gave up to suffering, and by the thorny crown which He carried is meant, the taking upon Him of our sins.vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 15:16–20 — Let us also put on the purple and royal robe, because we must walk as kings treading on serpents and scorpions, and having sin under our feet. For we are called Christians, that is, anointed ones, just as kings were…vatican.va
  • Bede on Mark 15:16–20 (4) — But they smite the head of Christ, who deny that He is very God. And because men are wont to use a reed to write with, they, as it were, smite the head of Christ with a reed, who speak against His divinity, and…vatican.va

Mark 15:20–28

  • Glossa Ordinaria on Mark 15:20–28 — After the condemnation of Christ, and the insults heaped upon Him when He was condemned, the Evangelist proceeds to relate His crucifixion, saying, “And led Him out to crucify Him.”vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 15:20–28 — Here Abel is brought out into the field by his brother, to be slain by him. Here Isaac comes forth with the wood, and Abraham with the ram caught in the thicket. Here also Joseph with the sheaf of which he dreamed,…vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 15:20–28 — Now John says that He Himself bare His cross, for both took place; for He first bore the cross Himself, until some one passed, whom they compelled, and who then carried it. But he mentioned the name of his sons, to…vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 15:20–28 (2) — Now since some men are known by the merits of their fathers, and some by those of their sons, this Simon, who was compelled to carry the cross, is made known by the merits of his sons, who were disciples. By this we…vatican.va
  • Bede on Mark 15:20–28 — Or, since this Simon is not called a man a Jerusalem, but a Cyrenian, (for Cyrene is a city in Libya,) fitly is he taken to mean the nations of the Gentiles, which were once foreigners and strangers to the covenants,…vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 15:20–28 (3) — But the Jews relate that in this spot of the mountain the ram was sacrificed for Isaac, and there Christ is made bald, that is, separated from His flesh, that is, from the carnal Jews. There follows: “And they gave…vatican.va
  • Augustine of Hippo on Mark 15:20–28 — This we must understand to be what Matthew expresses by, “mixed with gall”; for he put gall for anything bitter, and wine mingled with myrrh is most bitter; although there may have been both gall and myrrh to make…vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 15:20–28 (2) — Or, they may have brought different things, in order [ed. note. some problem with translation of “in order”], some vinegar and gall, and others wine mixed with myrrh.vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 15:20–28 (4) — Or else, “wine mingled with myrrh,” that is, vinegar; by it the juice of the deadly apple is wiped away.vatican.va
  • Bede on Mark 15:20–28 (2) — Bitter the vine which bore the bitter wine, set before the Lord Jesus, that the Scripture might be fulfilled which saith, “They gave me gall to eat, and when I was thirsty, they gave me vinegar to drink.” [Ps 69:22]vatican.va
  • Augustine of Hippo on Mark 15:20–28 (2) — That which follows, “But He received it not,” must mean, He received it not to drink, but only tasted it, as Matthew witnesses. And what the same Matthew relates, “He would not drink,” Mark expresses by, “He received…vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 15:20–28 (5) — He also refused to take sin for which He suffered, wherefore it is said of Him, I then paid the things that I never took. [Ps 68:5] There follows: “And when they had crucified Him, they parted His garments, casting…vatican.va
  • Bede on Mark 15:20–28 (3) — Or else, in the transverse beam of the cross, where the hands are fixed, the joy of hope is set forth; for by the hands we understand good works, by its expansion the joy of him who does them, because sadness puts us…vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 15:20–28 (3) — But their casting lots for His garments was also meant as an insult, as though they were dividing the clothes of a king; for they were coarse and of no great value. And John’s Gospel shews this more clearly, for the…vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 15:20–28 (6) — Now the garments of the Lord are His commandments, by which His body, that is, the Church is covered; which the soldiers of the Gentiles divide amongst themselves, that there may be four classes with one faith, the…vatican.va
  • Augustine of Hippo on Mark 15:20–28 (3) — If Jesus was given up to the Jews to be crucified, when Pilate sat down at his tribunal about the sixth hour, as John relates, how could He be crucified at the third hour, as many persons have thought from not…vatican.va
  • Augustine of Hippo on Mark 15:20–28 (4) — Therefore he wishes to imply that is was the Jews who passed sentence concerning the crucifixion of Christ at the third hour; for every condemned person is considered as dead, from the moment that sentence is passed…vatican.va
  • Augustine of Hippo on Mark 15:20–28 (5) — Still there are not wanting persons who assert that the preparation, mentioned by John, “Now it was the preparation about the sixth hour,” was really the third hour of the day. For they say that on that day before…vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 15:20–28 (4) — They wrote this superscription, as the reason why He was crucified, thus wishing to reprove His vainglory in making Himself a king, that so the passers by might not pity Him, but rather hate Him as a tyrant.vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 15:20–28 (7) — He wrote it in three languages, in Hebrew, “Melech Jeudim”; in Greek, [ ]; in Latin, “Rex confessorum”. These three languages were consecrated to be the chief, in the superscription on the cross, that every tongue…vatican.va
  • Bede on Mark 15:20–28 (4) — But this superscription on the cross shews, that they could not even in killing Him take away the kingdom over them from Him who was about to render unto them according to their works. There follows: “And with Him…vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 15:20–28 (5) — They did this that men might have a bad opinion of Him, as though He also were a robber and a malefactor. But it was done by Providence to fulfil the Scriptures. There follows: “And the Scripture was fulfilled which…vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 15:20–28 (8) — Truth was numbered with the wicked; He left one on His left hand, the other He takes on the right, as He will do at the last day. With a similar crime they are allotted different paths; one precedes Peter into…vatican.va
  • Bede on Mark 15:20–28 (5) — Mystically, however, the thieves crucified with Christ signify those, who by their faith and confession of Christ undergo either the struggle of martyrdom, or some rules of a stricter discipline. But those who do…vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 15:20–28 (6) — Or else; the two robbers were meant to point out the two people, that is, the Jews and the Gentiles, for both were evil, the Gentile as transgressing natural law, but the Jew by breaking the written law, which the…vatican.va

Mark 15:29–32

  • Jerome on Mark 15:29–32 — The foal of Judah has been tied to the vine, and his clothes dyed in the blood of the grape, [Gen 49:11] and the kids tear the vine, blaspheming Christ, and wagging their heads. Wherefore it is said: “And they that…vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 15:29–32 — For the passers by blasphemed Christ, reproaching Him as a seducer. But the devil moved them to bid Him come down from the Cross; for he knew that salvation was being won by the Cross, therefore he again proceeded to…vatican.va
  • Bede on Mark 15:29–32 — Thus also they confess, though against their will, that He saved many. Therefore your words condemn you, for He who saved others could have saved Himself. It goes on: “Let Christ the King of Israel descend now from…vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 15:29–32 (2) — Afterwards they saw Him arise from the grave, though they would not believe that He could come down from the tree of the Cross. Where, O Jews, is your lack of faith? Your own selves I appeal to; your own selves I…vatican.va
  • Augustine of Hippo on Mark 15:29–32 — How can this be, when according to Luke one only reviled Him, but was rebuked by the other who believed on God; unless we understand that Matthew and Mark, who touched but slightly on this place, put the plural for…vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 15:29–32 (2) — Or else, both at first reviled Him, then one recognizing Him as innocent, rebukes the other for blaspheming Him.vatican.va

Mark 15:33–37

  • Bede on Mark 15:33–37 — This most glorious light took away its rays from the world, lest it should see the Lord hanging, and lest the blasphemers should have the benefit of its light. Wherefore it goes on: “And when the sixth hour was come,…vatican.va
  • Augustine of Hippo on Mark 15:33–37 — Luke added to this account the cause of the darkness, that is, the darkening of the sun.vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 15:33–37 — If this had been the time for an eclipse, some one might have said that this which happened was natural, but it was the fourteenth moon, when no eclipse can take place. There follows: “And at the ninth hour Jesus…vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 15:33–37 — At the ninth hour, the tenth piece of money which had been lost is found, by the overturning of the house.vatican.va
  • Bede on Mark 15:33–37 (2) — For when Adam sinned, it is also written that he heard the voice of the Lord, walking in paradise, in the cool after mid-day [Gen 3:8]; and in that hour when the first Adam by sinning brought death into the world, in…vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 15:33–37 (2) — Or, He speaks this as man crucified by God for me, for we men have been forsaken by the Father, but He never has. For hear what He says; “I am not along, because the Father is with me.” [John 16:32] Though He may…vatican.va
  • Bede on Mark 15:33–37 (3) — These however I suppose were Roman soldiers who did not understand the peculiarity of the Hebrew tongue, but, from His calling Eloi, thought that Elias was called by Him. But if the Jews are understood to have said…vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 15:33–37 (2) — Here he points out a similitude for the Jews; a sponge on a reed, weak, dry, fit for burning; they fill it with vinegar, that is, with wickedness and guile.vatican.va
  • Augustine of Hippo on Mark 15:33–37 (2) — Matthew has not related, that the man who brought the sponge filled with vinegar, but that the others spoke about Elias; from whence we gather that both said it.vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 15:33–37 (3) — Though the flesh was weak, yet the heavenly voice, which said, “Open me the gates of righteouness,” [Ps 117:19] waxed strong. Wherefore there follows: “And Jesus cried with a loud voice, and gave up the ghost.” We…vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 15:33–37 (3) — He who both rules over death and commands it dies with power, as its Lord. But what this voice was is declared by Luke: “Father, into Thy hands I commend My Spirit.” For Christ would have us understand by this, that…vatican.va

Mark 15:38–41

  • Glossa Ordinaria on Mark 15:38–41 — After the Evangelist has related the Passion and the death of Christ, he now goes on to mention those things which followed after the death of our Lord. Wherefore it is said: “And the veil of the temple was rent in…vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 15:38–41 — The veil of the temple is rent, that is, the heaven is opened.vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 15:38–41 — Again, God by the rending of the veil implied that the grace of the Holy Spirit goes away and is rent from the temple, so that the Holy of holies might be seen by all; [ed. note: The sense of the passage by reference…vatican.va
  • Bede on Mark 15:38–41 — Now the cause of the centurion’s wonder is clear, that seeing that the Lord died in that way, that is, sent forth His Spirit, he said, “Truly this man was the Son of God.” For no one can send forth his own spirit,…vatican.va
  • Augustine of Hippo on Mark 15:38–41 — This also he most of all wondered at, that after that voice which He sent forth as a figure of our sin, He immediately gave up His Spirit. For the Spirit of the Mediator shewed that no penalty of sin could have had…vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 15:38–41 (2) — But the last are now made the first. The Gentile people confesses. The blinded Jew denies, so that their error is worse than the first.vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 15:38–41 (2) — And so the order is inverted, for the Jew kills, and the Gentile confesses; the disciples fly, and the women remain. For there follows: “There were also women looking on afar off, amongst whom was Mary Magdalene, and…vatican.va
  • Origen on Mark 15:38–41 — But it seems to me, that here three women are chiefly named, by Matthew and Mark. Two indeed are set down by each Evangelist, Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James; the third is called by Matthew, the mother…vatican.va
  • Bede on Mark 15:38–41 (2) — He means by James the Less, the son of Alphaeus, who was also called the brother of our Lord, because he was the son of Mary, our Lord’s mother’s sister, whom John mentions, saying, “Now there stood by the cross of…vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 15:38–41 (3) — As the female sex through the Virgin Mary is not shut out from salvation, so it is not thrust away from the knowledge of the Mystery of the Cross, and of the Resurrection, through the widow Mary Magdalene, and the…vatican.va

Mark 15:42–47

  • Glossa Ordinaria on Mark 15:42–47 — After the Passion and Death of Christ, the Evangelist relates His burial, saying, “And now when the even was come, because it was the preparation, that is, the day before the sabbath, Joseph of Arimathaea.”vatican.va
  • Bede on Mark 15:42–47 — What is called “parasceue” in Greek, is in Latin “praeparatio”; by which name those Jews, who lived amongst Greeks, used to call the sixth day of the week, because on that day they used to prepare what was necessary…vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 15:42–47 — It it interpreted, “taking down,” of which was Joseph, who came to take down the body of Christ from the cross. There follows: “Came and went in boldly unto Pilate, and craved the body of Jesus.”vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 15:42–47 — He was bold with a praiseworthy boldness; for he did not consider within himself, I shall fall from my rich estate, and I shall be expelled by the Jews, if I beg for the body of Him, who was condemned as a…vatican.va
  • Bede on Mark 15:42–47 (2) — But it was not an obscure person, nor a man of mean rank, who could come to the governor and obtain the body. There follows: “And he brought fine linen, and took Him down, and wrapped Him in the linen.”vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 15:42–47 (2) — Burying the precious body preciously; for being a disciple of our Lord, he knew how greatly the Lord’s body ought to be honoured.vatican.va
  • Bede on Mark 15:42–47 (3) — By this however, according to a spiritual meaning, we may understand that the body of the Lord should not be wrapped in gold or gems, or silk, but in a clean linen cloth. Hence it became a custom in the Church that…vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 15:42–47 (2) — By the burial of Christ we rise again, by His going down into hell we mount up into heaven; here is found the honey in the mouth of the dead lion.vatican.va
  • Theophylact of Ohrid on Mark 15:42–47 (3) — Let us too imitate Joseph, taking to ourselves the body of Christ by Unity, and let us place it in a sepulchre, hewn out of the rock, that is, in a soul recollected, never forgetful of God; for this is a soul hewn…vatican.va
  • Bede on Mark 15:42–47 (4) — We read in Luke, that His acquaintances and the women who had followed Him stood afar off. When these then who were known to Jesus returned home after the burial of His body, the women alone, who were bound to Him…vatican.va
  • Jerome on Mark 15:42–47 (3) — These things also fit the Jewish people, which finally is believing, which is ennobled by faith to become the child of Abraham. It lays aside its despair, it waits for the kingdom of God, it goes in to the…vatican.va

Scripture cited · 18 verses

Genesis 3:8 · Genesis 49:11 · Psalm 13:3 · Psalm 28:5 · Psalm 68:5 · Psalm 69:22 · Jeremiah 12:8 · Matthew 27:22 · Luke 23:2 · John 11:50 · John 16:32 · John 19:1 · John 19:23 · John 19:25 · John 19:28 · Romans 11:25 · Ephesians 3:18 · 1 Timothy 1:5

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